Great apes including orangutans, bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas are trafficked to Dubai via air from central Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, Guinea, and Nigeria) and Southeast Asia (Indonesia). Upon receiving an order, traffickers in countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo notify "collector" counterparts to move animals by river or road to capital cities, where they're prepared for shipment with fraudulent CITES paperwork. Common air routes include direct flights to Dubai or flights from Ethiopia to Muscat, Oman, from where the animals are transported by land across the Hatta border. Smugglers often sedate the animals with veterinary drugs like ketamine. Prices vary significantly by species, with orangutans costing approximately US$15,000-$20,000, chimpanzees fetching around US$40,000, and bonobos and gorillas commanding between US$100,000-$250,000 in the United Arab Emirates black market.