A six-month investigation by Global Witness has revealed that the illegal mining of heavy rare earth minerals in Myanmar has led to severe human rights abuses and environmental devastation. Rare earth minerals have started to be predominantly sourced from Myanmar following the closure of many Chinese mines due to environmental concerns. These mining operations are largely illegal and occur in the semi-autonomous Kachin State, controlled by militias with ties to the Myanmar military junta. This situation has led to severe human rights abuses. Employees work in conditions of exploitation, with local workers, including children, employed in hazardous conditions without proper permits or legal protections. In addition, employees face discrimination, with Chinese workers occupying skilled positions, while Burmese workers do manual labour. Locals also face threats and violence from militia groups if they resist giving up their land for mining. Illegal mining in Myanmar also leads to environmental degradation, as the mining techniques used have poisoned local water sources and caused deforestation. Communities are losing access to clean drinking water, and their agricultural products are contaminated, causing illness. This has created a situation of significant displacement of local populations.