In Colombia, labour rights violations in the palm oil industry are rampant, characterised by exploitative practices and corporate impunity . The industry is large and promoted by the government, yet most of its 130,000 workers are employed in illegal and harsh conditions. Major companies, such as Paligrow, have been involved in wage theft and have denied their workers collective bargaining rights. Employees also often work in unsafe conditions, with injuries being frequent. Palig row also uses subcontracting schemes, such as "worker cooperatives" and "simplified stock corporations" in order to avoid employment costs, including contributing to social security benefits. This undermines workers' rights and complicates enforcement under the U.S.-backed Labor Action Plan, which mandates fines for such subcontracting but remains largely unenforced. Paligrow is only one of the numerous major companies that reportedly employ such exploitative practices. Furthermore, the climate for labour organising is highly dangerous, with over 150 union leaders in the palm oil sector murdered since 1998. Between 2011 and 2015, there were over 1,933 threats and acts of violence against workers, including 121 assassinations.