The Tampakan copper-gold mining project in the Philippines has experienced fluctuating support and opposition since its mineral reserves were discovered in the 1990s, revealing deep tensions between industrial development and environmental and social justice. Local opposition, led by the Catholic Church, environmental coalitions like the Tampakan Forum, and Indigenous groups, has centered on the threat the open-pit mine poses to watersheds, forests, and the ancestral domain of the Blaan people. Despite securing national-level regulatory wins – such as the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples' certification of Indigenous consent in 2020 and a short-lived lifting of the mining ban in 2022 – the project continues to face strong local resistance. The case exemplifies the volatile interface of local autonomy, Indigenous rights, environmental stewardship, and corporate interest in large-scale resource extraction in the Philippines.