Rwanda plays a central role in the laundering of conflict gold originating from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Gold mined in conflict-affected areas such as Walikale and Ituri is controlled by a mix of armed groups and corrupt military officers. Instead of being processed through legal Congolese export channels, large volumes of this gold are smuggled across the border into Rwanda. Once in Rwanda, the gold is laundered by being officially exported under Rwandan certification, obscuring its Congolese origin. In particular, Aldango Ltd, a gold refinery operating in Kigali’s Special Economic Zone, has been accused by regional monitoring groups of processing significant amounts of undocumented gold likely sourced from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.