A 2017 case involving 99.5kg of gold from the Democratic Republic of the Congo transported to Dubai via Nairobi revealed sophisticated document fraud within the regional mineral certification system. The shipment was facilitated using a stolen certificate from the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR), a regional body whose certification process was designed to prevent conflict minerals from entering legitimate supply chains. By leveraging a stolen but authentic document, smugglers were able to create an appearance of legitimacy for a significant quantity of potentially conflict-affected gold. This case demonstrates how even well-intentioned traceability systems can be exploited by criminal networks that understand documentation requirements and have access to authentic certificates. It also illustrates Nairobi's role as not just a physical transit point for illicit gold, but as a documentation hub where illegally sourced minerals can acquire paperwork that facilitates their entry into international markets.