The Yanomami Indigenous People are the largest semi-isolated tribe in South America, residing in the rainforests and mountains of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. In the 1980s, a surge of gold miners into Yanomami territory led to widespread violence, disease exposure, and the destruction of villages. Over seven years, 20% of the Yanomami population died due to these impacts, including disease outbreaks to which they had no immunity. Five miners were found eventually guilty of genocide in a Brazilian court and Yanomami land in Brazil was demarcated as the ‘Yanomami Park’ in 1992, with miners being expelled. However, land invasion by illegal gold miners continues. In Venezuela, Yanomami are reported to have been exposed to violent attacks for several years, as well as suffering from displacement and sexual exploitation in exchange for food and other natural resources. In one Yanomami tribal village, 92% of the residents were found to have unsafe levels of mercury in their blood.