Identified as one of the biggest corruption scandals in the Indonesia’s history, the illegal tin mining operations in the Bangka-Belitung Islands caused an estimated 271 trillion rupiah (US$16.6 billion) in environmental damage, with multiple levels of government allegedly complicit in facilitating illegal mining activities. In this case, PT Timah TBK – a state-owned tin mining company and among the world’s largest producers of refined tin – allegedly facilitated illegal mining activities in Bangka and Belitung between 2015 and 2022. PT Timah alone is reported to have mined an area of 170,363 hectares on the two islands – almost double the area permitted under its mining concession. Many of the company’s illegal mining activities are reported to have occurred in areas that should have been off limits, including protected forest reserves and national parks. In addition to serious environmental damage, the PT Timah case stands out for the large scale of corruption allegedly involved. According to Indonesia newspaper Kompas, investigators from Indonesia’s attorney general’s office claim that PT Timah had leased smelters and purchased illegal tin materials without declaring these transactions. The profits were then reportedly funnelled through third parties to senior officials of PT Timah using fake transactions of smelting services and corporate social responsibility funds.