In early 2017, Nigeria's CITES Management Authority reportedly issued around 4,000 export permits after the fact to authorise Customs clearance for over 10,000 containers of Kosso (Pterocarpus erinaceus) timber (rosewood) that had been detained at the Chinese border. At the time of their detention, Kosso was listed under Appendix III of CITES, and the shipments did not have the required valid CITES certificates of origin. It was alleged that industry actors bribed senior officials to facilitate the retrospective “legalisation” of the rosewood exports. CITES Resolution 12.3, which addresses Permits and Certificates, advises that Management Authorities should not issue permits retroactively and that importing countries should refuse such documents, as doing so creates a loophole that can enable illegal trade.