A report by the Organisation of American States details how the Los Topos Del Frio organised crime group developed an extensive illegal gold network in Peru. The network managed every aspect of the illegal gold supply chain, comprising illegal miners, transport companies, processing plants, illegal gold exporters and foreign financiers. Los Topos Del Frio paid illegal miners to extract gold, before concealing the extracted minerals in local buildings and warehouses. The gold was then transported in vehicles belonging to transport companies linked to the Los Topos network, before being processed and transformed into gold bars. The gold was then delivered to the port of Callao after being purchased by two foreign nationals based in Peru who financed the illegal operation. The foreign financiers used multiple shell companies and trade-based money laundering to export the illegal gold, hiding it among declared exports of copper, silver, and zinc. The Integral Registry of Mining Formalization (REINFO) was also involved in hiding this illicit activity. The Los Topos network encompassed numerous small-scale and artisanal miners, along with consortiums listed in REINFO as being in the process of formalisation. This registry provided protections that facilitated the transport and processing of illegal gold within the country, effectively concealing its unlawful origins.